Recent Developments in Artificial Intelligence in Oceanography

With the availability of petabytes oceanographic observations and numerical model simulations, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being increasingly leveraged in a variety applications. In this paper, these applications reviewed from perspectives identifying, forecasting, parameterizing ocean phenomena. Specifically, usage AI algorithms for identification mesoscale eddies, internal waves, oil spills, sea ice, marine algae discussed paper. Additionally, AI-based forecasting surface El Niño Southern Oscillation, storm surges is discussed. This followed by discussion on schemes to parameterize oceanic turbulence atmospheric moist physics. Moreover, physics-informed deep learning neural networks within an context, further with digital twins physics-constrained described. review meant introduce beginners experts sciences methodologies stimulate future research toward causality-adherent Fourier oceanography.